Ka penikala, he stationery a me ka pena i ua mua i ka maemae graphite (laʻana Staedtler Pensil Terbaik Untuk Anak). Ka palapala, ua hanaia ma ka hamoʻia graphite ma luna o ka Media. Eia naʻe, he gula graphite mālama e wawahi i ka oluolu, he palupalu, e haawi ana dirty hookoia i ka wa a ka poe Media hamo me koʻoukou mau lima, ae hele hou i ko oukou mau lima dirty ka wa paa. No ka mea, alaila, hana mai ka läÿau, he graphite me ka lepo i ka mea o ka haku mele paʻakikī. Eia kekahi, o ka haku mele ‘ana o ka hui, ua wahiia i ka pepa a me ka lāʻau.
I ka hoʻohana ‘ana o ke kēpau, a me graphite hoomaka ma ke kahiko Greece. Elua e haawi aku i ke kanawai o ke poohina streaks, ina he uuku oiʻeleʻele graphite. Graphite ua nui Kākaʻikahi a hiki i hope i ka 1564 loaa e hoakaka nui dala he graphite ma Borrowdale, he awawa ma ka Apana Lake o ka’ākauʻEnelani. ʻOiai Ka mea, nana aku la e like me lanahu, minerals hiki ole ke wela, a ua waiho ia i ka lā’īʻeleʻele, a me ka maʻalahi laweʻia ma luna o kaʻilikai palapala. I kēia manawa o ka makahiki graphite ua noho i hookahuli ai i ka piuta, ke kēpau, a me ka plumbago penei ke ano, “e like me kēpau” haawi mai i ke ano o ka aneane i ka ia. Nolaila ke kau alakai penikala (penikala alakai) ua malie hoʻohana i kēia lā. No ka mea, o ka hionapāʻili ua oily, chunks ua wahiia i ke sheepskin a’āpana liʻiliʻi o ka piuta berbentuktongkat bandaged i ke kaula. No kekahi mea i ike i mua i ka manao e Desha i kaʻeleʻele alakai i loko o lāʻau ipu, aka, ma o ka 1560, a, ua hiki aku primitive peni ke Europa continent.
Koke ia hope mai, ua koʻu mau ke kēpau, a exported e halawai pu me ka poe koikoi o na Artists; a ma ka 17th kenekulia, e hiki ke olelo alakai i hoʻohana na wahi a pau. I ka Ia manawa, penikala’ē aʻe ho okolohua me kaʻeleʻele alakai e paka i ka maikai palapala kani. Pure a me ka maʻalahi extracted, alakai mai Borrowdale e i ka pale o ka powa a me ka eleele marketers. I ka lanakila i keia, ke Beritania hale kanawai i hooholoia i kanawai i ka 1752 stipulating i hiki alakai aihue halepaahao, a kipakuia i kekahi kalaima panalaau ia.
Aka, i ka 1779, he chemist Carl W. Scheele ka noiʻi ‘ana a kakou i manao ai me ke graphite i ka nui okoa Nine waiwai me ka kēpau. Graphite ua maemae kalapona hakakino haku mele ‘ana o ka lokomaikai. Eia ke oki i ka 1789, hulihonua Kelemania, o Aberahama G. Werner i ka inoa graphite, i ka mea i loko mai o ka Helene olelo graphein, ka mea hoʻi ke kākau ‘ana. Pela, kahi o ka penikala ma ka hakahaka o ka piuta.
No ka mea, he nui na makahiki English graphite pōhaku kumu kihi i ka penikala, e hana, no ka mea, he gula maikai kupono e hoʻohana ole hou aaioee. No ka mea, o ka Europa graphite he wahi emi mahope, penikala Manufacturers laila ho okolohua me na aoao e? Ienoai penikala alakai. Farani engineer me Nikolao-Jacques Conté hui pū me ka pauka, graphite me ka lepo, ho okumu i ka hui i ka laau, a puhi aku la ia mea iloko o ke kapuahi. Ma ka loli iki ana i ka lākiō o ke graphite i ka lepo, oia ua hiki ia ia ke hana i hiki aku ai i huaʻokoʻa malu o kaʻeleʻele-a kaʻina hoʻohana hiki i keia manawa.
Ma ka 19th kenekulia, i ka hana o ka peni i ka nui hana. Graphite ua loaa ma kekahi mau wahi, e like me Siberia, Kelemania, a me ka mea,ʻo ka Czech Repubalika. In Germany, a laila, i loko o ka United States, he nui na factories weheia. Mechanization a me ka nuipa? Iecaianoaaiiuo kumukūʻai i lalo, a ma ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka 20th kenekulia, i kula keiki hoʻohana ‘ana i ka penikala.
Initially graphite penikala ma ka pepa, ai wahīʻia i haehaeia hoopii i ka Burela. Aka, ma hope loaa i ka oi aku hiki a efficient ala e uhi ana i ka pau graphite koʻokoʻo me elua lāʻau slats ditoreh e hoolako i wahi no ka graphite koʻokoʻo, a laila e waiho pu.